Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act

119 HR 1181 EH: Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act U.S. House of Representatives text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. IB 119th CONGRESS2d Session H. R. 1181

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AN ACT To prohibit payment card networks and covered entities from requiring the use of or assigning merchant category codes that distinguish a firearms retailer from general-merchandise retailer or sporting-goods retailer, and for other purposes.

1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act.

2.Distinguishing firearm retailers prohibited (a)Prohibitions relating to merchant category codes (1)For payment card networksA payment card network may not require— (A)a firearms retailer to use a merchant category code that— (i)is used only or primarily for firearms retailers; or (ii)identifies such retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms; or (B)a covered entity to assign a merchant category code that is used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies a firearms retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms. (2)For covered entitiesA covered entity may not assign to a firearms retailer any merchant category code that is used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies such retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms. (b)Enforcement (1)In generalThe Attorney General shall enforce this section and shall, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, establish a process for individuals, including firearms retailers, to submit complaints relating to alleged violations of this section. (2)InvestigationThe Attorney General shall investigate any complaint received through the processes established by the Attorney General under paragraph (1). (3)Written noticeIf the Attorney General determines, after conducting an investigation under paragraph (2), that a payment card network or covered entity has violated this section, the Attorney General shall send a written notice of such violation to such payment card network or covered entity that requires the payment card network or covered entity to remedy the violation not later than 30 days after the date on which the payment card network or covered entity receives such notice. (4)Injunction (A)In generalIf a payment card network or covered entity does not remedy a violation within 30 days of receiving a written notice under paragraph (3), the Attorney General may bring an action in Federal court to enjoin the violating behavior. (B)No private right of actionThis Act does not create a private right of action. (c)Preemption (1) In generalAny law of a State or local government regulating the assignment, use, or disclosure of merchant category codes that are used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies a retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms is hereby preempted. (2)LimitationNotwithstanding paragraph (1), nothing in this Act may be construed to prevent a payment card network or a covered entity from complying with any Federal, State, or local law or regulations related to dispute processing, fraud, compliance management, or protecting transaction integrity from concerns related to illegal or suspicious activities, data breaches, or cyber risks. (d)ReportThe Attorney General shall, each year, submit a report to the Congress that— (1)identifies the number of investigations undertaken by the Attorney General under subsection (b); (2)includes a summary of such investigations and their disposition; and (3)provides any available data and analysis that relates to the effectiveness of this Act. (e)DefinitionsIn this Act: (1)AmmunitionThe term ammunition has the meaning given the term in section 921(a)(17)(A) of title 18, United States Code. (2)Covered entityThe term covered entity means any entity that— (A)has on the date of the enactment of this section, or establishes after the date of the enactment of this section, a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit, debit, or prepaid transactions; or (B)has on the date of the enactment of this section, or establishes after the date of the enactment of this section, a relationship with an entity that establishes a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit transactions, debit transactions, or prepaid transactions. (3)FirearmThe term firearm means— (A)a firearm as such term is defined in section 921(a)(3) of title 18, United States Code; (B)a shotgun as such term is defined in section 921(a)(5) of title 18, United States Code; (C)a rifle as such term is defined in section 921(a)(7) of title 18, United States Code; (D)an antique firearm as such term is defined in section 921(a)(16) of title 18, United States Code; (E)a semiautomatic rifle as such term is defined in section 921(a)(29) of title 18, United States Code; and (F)a handgun as such term is defined in section 921(a)(30) of title 18, United States Code. (4)Firearms retailerThe term firearms retailer means a person, entity, or retail location physically located in the United States that is engaged in the business of selling or trading— (A)firearms; (B)ammunition; (C)accessories of firearms; or (D)components of firearms. (5)Merchant category codeThe term merchant category code means a multi-digit code, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, for the purposes of enabling the classification of merchants into specific categories based on the type of business, trade, or services supplied. (6)Payment card networkThe term payment card network means an entity that directly or through a network participant, processor, or agent provides proprietary services, infrastructure, software, or hardware used to authorize, clear and settle credit, debit, or prepaid transactions. Passed the House of Representatives July 14, 2026.Kevin F. McCumber,Clerk.

119 HR 1181 IH: Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act U.S. House of Representatives 2025-02-11 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. I119th CONGRESS1st SessionH. R. 1181IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESFebruary 11, 2025Mr. Moore of West Virginia (for himself, Mr. Barr, Mr. Hudson, Mr. Bean of Florida, Mr. Cline, Mr. Perry, Ms. Van Duyne, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. Collins, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Moore of Alabama, Mr. Webster of Florida, Mr. Guest, Mr. Rulli, Mr. Williams of Texas, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, Mr. Bost, Ms. Tenney, Mr. Schmidt, Mr. Moore of North Carolina, Mr. Newhouse, Mr. Comer, Mr. Womack, Mr. Rose, Mr. Yakym, Mr. Gill of Texas, and Mr. Rutherford) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Financial ServicesA BILLTo prohibit payment card networks and covered entities from requiring the use of or assigning merchant category codes that distinguish a firearms retailer from general-merchandise retailer or sporting-goods retailer, and for other purposes.

1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act.

2.Distinguishing firearms sales (a)Prohibitions relating to merchant category codes (1)Payment Card NetworksA payment card network may not require a firearms retailer to use, nor require a covered entity to assign, a merchant category code that distinguishes such firearms retailer from a general-merchandise retailer or a sporting-goods retailer. (2)Covered entitiesA covered entity or its agent may not assign to a firearms retailer any merchant category code that distinguishes from a general-merchandise retailer or a sporting-goods retailer. (b)Enforcement (1)In generalThe Attorney General shall enforce this section and shall, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, establish a process for individuals, including firearms retailers, to submit complaints relating to alleged violations of this section. (2)InvestigationThe Attorney General shall investigate each complaint received through the processes established under paragraph (1). (3)Written noticeIf the Attorney General determines after conducting an investigation that a payment card network or covered entity has violated this section, the Attorney General shall send a written notice of such violation to such payment card network or covered entity that requires the payment card network or covered entity to remedy the violation not later than 30 days after the date on which the payment card network or covered entity receives such notice. (4)Injunction (A)In generalIf a payment card network or covered entity does not remedy a violation within 30 days of receiving a written notice under paragraph (3), the Attorney General may bring an action in Federal court to enjoin the violating behavior. (B)No private right of actionThis Act does not create a private right of action. (c)PreemptionAny law of a State or local government regulating merchant category codes for firearm retailers is hereby preempted. (d)ReportThe Attorney General shall, each year, submit a report to the Congress that— (1)identifies the number of investigations undertaken by the Attorney General under this section; (2)includes a summary of such cases and their disposition; and (3)provides any available data and analysis regarding the effectiveness of this Act. (e)DefinitionsIn this Act: (1)AmmunitionThe term ammunition has the meaning given the term in section 921(a)(17)(A) of title 18, United States Code. (2)Covered entityThe term covered entity means any entity that— (A)establishes a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit, debit, or prepaid transactions; or (B)establishes a relationship with an entity that establishes a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit, debit, or prepaid transactions. (3)FirearmThe term firearm has the meaning given the term in section 921(a)(3), (5), (7), (16), (29), (30), of title 18, United States Code. (4)Firearms retailerThe term firearms retailer means a person or entity engaged in the lawful business of selling or trading firearms or ammunition to be used in firearms. (5)Merchant category codeThe term merchant category code means a multi-digit code, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, for the purposes of enabling the classification of merchants into specific categories based on the type of business, trade or services supplied. (6)Payment card networkThe term payment card network means an entity that directly or through a licensed member, processor, or agent provides proprietary services, infrastructure, or software, or hardware that route information used to authorize, clear and settle credit card and debit card transactions.

119 HR 1181 : Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act U.S. House of Representatives 2026-07-15 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. IIB119th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 1181IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATESJuly 15, 2026Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban AffairsAN ACTTo prohibit payment card networks and covered entities from requiring the use of or assigning merchant category codes that distinguish a firearms retailer from general-merchandise retailer or sporting-goods retailer, and for other purposes.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act.2.Distinguishing firearm retailers prohibited(a)Prohibitions relating to merchant category codes(1)For payment card networksA payment card network may not require—(A)a firearms retailer to use a merchant category code that—(i)is used only or primarily for firearms retailers; or(ii)identifies such retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms; or(B)a covered entity to assign a merchant category code that is used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies a firearms retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms.(2)For covered entitiesA covered entity may not assign to a firearms retailer any merchant category code that is used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies such retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms.(b)Enforcement(1)In generalThe Attorney General shall enforce this section and shall, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, establish a process for individuals, including firearms retailers, to submit complaints relating to alleged violations of this section.(2)InvestigationThe Attorney General shall investigate any complaint received through the processes established by the Attorney General under paragraph (1).(3)Written noticeIf the Attorney General determines, after conducting an investigation under paragraph (2), that a payment card network or covered entity has violated this section, the Attorney General shall send a written notice of such violation to such payment card network or covered entity that requires the payment card network or covered entity to remedy the violation not later than 30 days after the date on which the payment card network or covered entity receives such notice.(4)Injunction(A)In generalIf a payment card network or covered entity does not remedy a violation within 30 days of receiving a written notice under paragraph (3), the Attorney General may bring an action in Federal court to enjoin the violating behavior.(B)No private right of actionThis Act does not create a private right of action.(c)Preemption(1) In generalAny law of a State or local government regulating the assignment, use, or disclosure of merchant category codes that are used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies a retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms is hereby preempted.(2)LimitationNotwithstanding paragraph (1), nothing in this Act may be construed to prevent a payment card network or a covered entity from complying with any Federal, State, or local law or regulations related to dispute processing, fraud, compliance management, or protecting transaction integrity from concerns related to illegal or suspicious activities, data breaches, or cyber risks.(d)ReportThe Attorney General shall, each year, submit a report to the Congress that—(1)identifies the number of investigations undertaken by the Attorney General under subsection (b);(2)includes a summary of such investigations and their disposition; and(3)provides any available data and analysis that relates to the effectiveness of this Act.(e)DefinitionsIn this Act:(1)AmmunitionThe term ammunition has the meaning given the term in section 921(a)(17)(A) of title 18, United States Code.(2)Covered entityThe term covered entity means any entity that—(A)has on the date of the enactment of this section, or establishes after the date of the enactment of this section, a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit, debit, or prepaid transactions; or(B)has on the date of the enactment of this section, or establishes after the date of the enactment of this section, a relationship with an entity that establishes a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit transactions, debit transactions, or prepaid transactions.(3)FirearmThe term firearm means—(A)a firearm as such term is defined in section 921(a)(3) of title 18, United States Code;(B)a shotgun as such term is defined in section 921(a)(5) of title 18, United States Code;(C)a rifle as such term is defined in section 921(a)(7) of title 18, United States Code;(D)an antique firearm as such term is defined in section 921(a)(16) of title 18, United States Code;(E)a semiautomatic rifle as such term is defined in section 921(a)(29) of title 18, United States Code; and(F)a handgun as such term is defined in section 921(a)(30) of title 18, United States Code.(4)Firearms retailerThe term firearms retailer means a person, entity, or retail location physically located in the United States that is engaged in the business of selling or trading—(A)firearms;(B)ammunition; (C)accessories of firearms; or(D)components of firearms.(5)Merchant category codeThe term merchant category code means a multi-digit code, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, for the purposes of enabling the classification of merchants into specific categories based on the type of business, trade, or services supplied.(6)Payment card networkThe term payment card network means an entity that directly or through a network participant, processor, or agent provides proprietary services, infrastructure, software, or hardware used to authorize, clear and settle credit, debit, or prepaid transactions.Passed the House of Representatives July 14, 2026.Kevin F. McCumber,Clerk.

119 HR 1181 RH: Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act U.S. House of Representatives 2026-02-25 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain. IBUnion Calendar No. 447119th CONGRESS2d SessionH. R. 1181[Report No. 119–522]IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESFebruary 11, 2025Mr. Moore of West Virginia (for himself, Mr. Barr, Mr. Hudson, Mr. Bean of Florida, Mr. Cline, Mr. Perry, Ms. Van Duyne, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. Collins, Mr. Finstad, Mr. Moore of Alabama, Mr. Webster of Florida, Mr. Guest, Mr. Rulli, Mr. Williams of Texas, Mr. Higgins of Louisiana, Mr. Bost, Ms. Tenney, Mr. Schmidt, Mr. Moore of North Carolina, Mr. Newhouse, Mr. Comer, Mr. Womack, Mr. Rose, Mr. Yakym, Mr. Gill of Texas, and Mr. Rutherford) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Financial ServicesFebruary 25, 2026Additional sponsors: Ms. Boebert, Mr. Messmer, Mr. McDowell, Mr. Biggs of Arizona, Mr. Issa, Mr. Green of Tennessee, Mr. Bergman, Mr. Arrington, Mr. Huizenga, Mr. Kennedy of Utah, Ms. De La Cruz, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, Mr. DesJarlais, Mr. Clyde, Mr. LaLota, Mr. Graves, Mr. Rogers of Alabama, Mr. Gooden, Mr. Kustoff, Mrs. Harshbarger, Mr. Langworthy, Mr. Amodei of Nevada, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Moolenaar, Mr. Carter of Georgia, Mr. Austin Scott of Georgia, Mr. Van Orden, Mr. Grothman, Mr. Valadao, Mr. Latta, Mr. Weber of Texas, Mr. Nehls, Mrs. Hinson, Mr. Walberg, Mr. LaMalfa, Mr. Rouzer, Mr. Sessions, Mr. Harris of Maryland, Mrs. Wagner, Mr. Bilirakis, Mr. Stauber, Mr. Scott Franklin of Florida, Mr. Mann, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Moore of Utah, Ms. Letlow, Mr. Estes, Mr. Gosar, Mr. Strong, Mr. Shreve, Mr. Feenstra, Mr. Smith of Nebraska, Mr. Tiffany, Mr. Fleischmann, Mr. Cloud, Mr. Ellzey, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Aderholt, Mr. Hern of Oklahoma, Mr. Pfluger, Mr. Zinke, Mr. Babin, Mr. Ezell, Mr. Bacon, Mr. Miller of Ohio, Mr. Harrigan, Mr. McGuire, Mr. Tony Gonzales of Texas, Mr. Kelly of Mississippi, Mr. Reschenthaler, Mr. Crenshaw, Mr. Hurd of Colorado, Mr. Goldman of Texas, Mr. Evans of Colorado, Mr. Jack, Mr. Loudermilk, Mr. Harris of North Carolina, Mr. Baumgartner, Mr. Fallon, Ms. Stefanik, Mr. Van Drew, Mr. Haridopolos, Mr. Steube, Mr. Meuser, Mrs. Miller of Illinois, Mrs. McClain, Mr. Timmons, Mr. Hunt, Mr. Downing, Mr. Wied, Ms. Fedorchak, Mr. Stutzman, Mr. Hamadeh of Arizona, Ms. Lee of Florida, Mr. Begich, Mr. Fry, Mr. Jackson of Texas, Mrs. Biggs of South Carolina, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Moran, Mrs. Fischbach, Mr. Patronis, Mr. Nunn of Iowa, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Owens, and Mr. Joyce of OhioFebruary 25, 2026Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printedStrike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italicFor text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on February 11, 2025A BILLTo prohibit payment card networks and covered entities from requiring the use of or assigning merchant category codes that distinguish a firearms retailer from general-merchandise retailer or sporting-goods retailer, and for other purposes.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Protecting Privacy in Purchases Act.2.Distinguishing firearm retailers prohibited(a)Prohibitions relating to merchant category codes(1)For payment card networksA payment card network may not require—(A)a firearms retailer to use a merchant category code that—(i)is used only or primarily for firearms retailers; or(ii)identifies such retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms; or(B)a covered entity to assign a merchant category code that is used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies a firearms retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms.(2)For covered entitiesA covered entity may not assign to a firearms retailer any merchant category code that is used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies such retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms.(b)Enforcement(1)In generalThe Attorney General shall enforce this section and shall, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, establish a process for individuals, including firearms retailers, to submit complaints relating to alleged violations of this section.(2)InvestigationThe Attorney General shall investigate any complaint received through the processes established by the Attorney General under paragraph (1).(3)Written noticeIf the Attorney General determines, after conducting an investigation under paragraph (2), that a payment card network or covered entity has violated this section, the Attorney General shall send a written notice of such violation to such payment card network or covered entity that requires the payment card network or covered entity to remedy the violation not later than 30 days after the date on which the payment card network or covered entity receives such notice.(4)Injunction(A)In generalIf a payment card network or covered entity does not remedy a violation within 30 days of receiving a written notice under paragraph (3), the Attorney General may bring an action in Federal court to enjoin the violating behavior.(B)No private right of actionThis Act does not create a private right of action.(c)Preemption(1) In generalAny law of a State or local government regulating the assignment, use, or disclosure of merchant category codes that are used only or primarily for firearms retailers or that identifies a retailer as engaged in the business of selling firearms, ammunition, accessories of firearms, or components of firearms is hereby preempted.(2)LimitationNotwithstanding paragraph (1), nothing in this Act may be construed to prevent a payment card network or a covered entity from complying with any Federal, State, or local law or regulations related to dispute processing, fraud, compliance management, or protecting transaction integrity from concerns related to illegal or suspicious activities, data breaches, or cyber risks.(d)ReportThe Attorney General shall, each year, submit a report to the Congress that—(1)identifies the number of investigations undertaken by the Attorney General under subsection (b);(2)includes a summary of such investigations and their disposition; and(3)provides any available data and analysis that relates to the effectiveness of this Act.(e)DefinitionsIn this Act:(1)AmmunitionThe term ammunition has the meaning given the term in section 921(a)(17)(A) of title 18, United States Code.(2)Covered entityThe term covered entity means any entity that—(A)has on the date of the enactment of this section, or establishes after the date of the enactment of this section, a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit, debit, or prepaid transactions; or(B)has on the date of the enactment of this section, or establishes after the date of the enactment of this section, a relationship with an entity that establishes a relationship with a merchant for the purposes of processing credit transactions, debit transactions, or prepaid transactions.(3)FirearmThe term firearm means—(A)a firearm as such term is defined in section 921(a)(3) of title 18, United States Code;(B)a shotgun as such term is defined in section 921(a)(5) of title 18, United States Code;(C)a rifle as such term is defined in section 921(a)(7) of title 18, United States Code;(D)an antique firearm as such term is defined in section 921(a)(16) of title 18, United States Code;(E)a semiautomatic rifle as such term is defined in section 921(a)(29) of title 18, United States Code; and(F)a handgun as such term is defined in section 921(a)(30) of title 18, United States Code.(4)Firearms retailerThe term firearms retailer means a person, entity, or retail location physically located in the United States that is engaged in the business of selling or trading—(A)firearms;(B)ammunition; (C)accessories of firearms; or(D)components of firearms.(5)Merchant category codeThe term merchant category code means a multi-digit code, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, for the purposes of enabling the classification of merchants into specific categories based on the type of business, trade, or services supplied.(6)Payment card networkThe term payment card network means an entity that directly or through a network participant, processor, or agent provides proprietary services, infrastructure, software, or hardware used to authorize, clear and settle credit, debit, or prepaid transactions.February 25, 2026Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed